Before there was Colin Kaepernick, a Black female athlete also refused to stand for the national anthem

Decades before Colin Kaepernick took a knee to protest racial injustice, a courageous Black woman named Eroseanna “Rose” Robinson made a bold stand—by sitting during the national anthem.

In 1959, during the Pan American Games in Chicago, Robinson, a high jumper and civil rights activist, refused to stand for the U.S. national anthem. Her silent protest—largely erased from mainstream memory—was a powerful act of defiance against racial segregation, war, and hypocrisy in America.

Who Was Eroseanna Robinson?

Born in 1925, Robinson was a standout athlete in the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) during the 1940s and 1950s. She won national titles and earned a spot on the U.S. Track and Field team. But her activism extended far beyond the field. She participated in direct-action protests, including desegregation efforts at skating rinks in Cleveland, where she once left with a broken arm after facing violent opposition.

1960 JET Magazine (https://books.google.com/books/about/Jet.html?id=1bcDAAAAMBAJ#v=onepage&q=rose%20robinson%20high%20jumper&f=false)

A Protest Before Its Time

At the height of the Cold War, Robinson declined an invitation to compete in the Soviet Union, refusing to be used as a political pawn. A year later, at the Pan Am Games, she remained seated during “The Star-Spangled Banner.” To her, the anthem symbolized a nation that preached freedom while practicing oppression.

This act of resistance came nearly 60 years before Kaepernick’s 2016 protest, yet Robinson’s name is rarely mentioned in conversations about athlete activism.

Why Her Story Matters Now

As debates around patriotism, protest, and racial justice continue, Robinson’s legacy offers critical historical context. Her story challenges us to recognize the long lineage of Black athletes who’ve risked everything to speak truth to power.

In the words of historian Dr. Amira Rose Davis, Robinson “saw her athleticism and that platform as a place with which to critique the government, to critique local regulations and segregation”.